What is backdraft?

Backdraft is a dangerous phenomenon that occurs when oxygen is suddenly introduced to a space that is filled with superheated gases and smoke from a fire, leading to an explosive reaction. This situation typically arises in enclosed environments where oxygen has been depleted and the fire has smoldered, creating a buildup of volatile gases. When a door or window is opened, or if any action allows oxygen to enter, it can cause these gases to ignite almost instantaneously, resulting in a violent explosion and a rapid increase in flames.

The explosive nature of backdraft makes it a critical hazard for firefighters and emergency personnel responding to a fire, as it can occur unexpectedly and lead to severe injuries or fatalities. Understanding backdraft is essential for effective fire response and safety, as it informs tactics for ventilation and control of fires in confined spaces.