What is the classification of fire escapes/external stairs in relation to means of egress?

Fire escapes or external stairs are classified as secondary means of egress. This classification is important because it indicates that while these structures provide an essential escape route during an emergency, they are not the primary means through which occupants are expected to exit a building in a safe manner under normal circumstances.

The primary means of egress typically refers to the main exits designed for rapid escape from a building, which are normally enclosed and provide a direct and safe route to the outside. Secondary means of egress, like fire escapes, serve as additional pathways that facilitate evacuation, especially if the primary routes are blocked or inaccessible due to smoke, fire, or other hazards. Therefore, recognizing external stairs as secondary means of egress underscores their role in contributing to overall building safety and emergency preparedness.