Which fire protection device is designed to automatically recall elevators to their designated landing?

The device that is specially designed to automatically recall elevators to their designated landing is the elevator lobby smoke detector. When smoke is detected, these detectors activate an automatic recall system that brings elevators to a specific floor, typically the ground or designated landing, to ensure they are not in use while the building is being evacuated. This function is critical in a fire situation where elevators can pose a risk to individuals due to smoke and fire traveling through the shaft.

Elevator lobby smoke detectors are integral to building safety protocols as they facilitate a coordinated evacuation process and ensure that the elevators are not a hazard during an emergency. Other options, such as emergency lights, sprinkler systems, and heat detectors, serve different purposes in fire safety and do not provide the same elevator recall function. Emergency lights are for illuminating escape routes, sprinkler systems suppress fires, and heat detectors trigger on temperature increase, but none of these influence elevator operation like smoke detectors do.